At fifteen years of age, Rimbaud was writing accomplished verse in Latin as well as French and was allowed to read whatever books he wished. Rimbaud distinguished himself there, too, especially for his essays. Because the Institut Rossat was too liberal for her strict beliefs, Madame Rimbaud transferred the boys to the municipal school, the Collège de Charleville in April of 1865. Rimbaud excelled, winning prizes in subjects ranging from Latin and French to History, Geography, and Arithmetic. In October of 1861, Rimbaud and his elder brother were sent to school at the Institut Rossat. He was one of the four surviving children born to Frédéric Rimbaud, soldier, adventurer, and man of letters, who deserted his family when Rimbaud was six, and to a strict, religious, unaffectionate mother, Marie-Cathérine-Vitalie Cuif. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHYĪrthur Rimbaud was born Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud in the French village of Charleville on October 20, 1854. One of the best English translations of the poem, Wallace Fowlie's version of “The Drunken Boat” appears in Rimbaud: Complete Works, Selected Letters, A Bilingual Edition, published by the University of Chicago Press in 2005. Baudelaire's influence is also felt in the very Symbolist technique that informs the type of imagery in “The Drunken Boat.” Given these strong influences, Rimbaud's poem is also considered one of the finest examples of symbolist poetry. Particularly noteworthy are Baudelaire's two later voyage poems, “A Voyage to Cythera” and “The Voyage,” published in 1857, in Les Fleurs du Mal (translated as The Flowers of Evil). His older contemporary, Charles Baudelaire, in many ways served as a precursor for Rimbaud. Symbolic poetry representing a symbolic voyage, the kind of poetry represented by “The Drunken Boat,” was not invented by Rimbaud. As such, it requires symbols to express internal psychic events and experiences. It is instead a narrative of a state of being. What makes this poem difficult is its lack of a narrated plot. Arthur Rimbaud's “The Drunken Boat” was written in 1871 but was not published until 1884, when it appeared in an anthology of poetry called Les Poètes maudits.
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